Global Sustainability

Global sustainability is the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.  Global sustainability not only refers to a natural and sustainable environment, but also sustainable capitalism.  During the 21st century, global sustainability is tied along three topics: 1)increasing population, poverty, and equity. 2) Global exchange increases, and power of national government decreases. 3)  Effects from industrialization are major concern ( Global warming, water pollution etc).

The third topic is very important and many companies should start finding better ways to control pollution and other environmental concerns.  Citizens are angry because companies should be able to take responsibilities for the problems they have caused.  For example,  companies that over fish should be penalized because fish species are decreasing.  Fishing companies should come up with programs to restore fish populations.  The first topic is important because if you reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development, then the world would better.  Since there are lower natural resources, people who relied on the resources to live are becoming poorer and their living conditions worsen.

http://www.facingthefuture.org/

Staffing in hotels

In multinational enterprises (MNEs), such as hotels, there are two types of employees.  Host country nationals are employees who are a citizen of a country in which an organizations branch or plant is located, but the organization is headquartered in another location.  Company will base hiring decisions on certain criteria that serve to increase identification with the company and its values.  The Ritz Carlton will hire employees from that country where the hotel is located to increase employee value and great service.  The second type of employee is an Expatriate, which is a person temporarily or permanently staying in a country and culture other than that of the persons upbringing or legal residence.  If I were to become a manager at the Ritz Carlton in Asia,  then I would be an expatriate and I would hire host country nationals as my employees.  Expatriates come in two types.  Parent country nationals and third country nationals.  PCNs- come from the parent country of the MNE, and third country nationals come from neither parent country nor host country.  At the Ritz Carlton, third country nationals can be from anywhere in the world.  That what makes the hotel business and the Ritz Carlton company interesting because it attracts many people from all over the world. 

http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a906659679~db=all~jumptype=rss

Location-specific advantage

Location-specific advantage- the ability of an individual, company, or economy to conduct an activity better than another for reasons related to location.  For example, having a restaurant near the water compared to a restaurant in the city will attract more customers due to the location.  Certain locations have geographical features that other cannot match.  Since different locations have different benefits, it is important that a company or firm match its company goals to its location.  The four strategic goals are:

Natural resource seeking: easy access to natural resources and related transport.
Market seeking: Strong market demand and abundance of customers.
Efficiency seeking: Low cost factors.
Innovation seeking: innovative individuals, firms, and universities.

Since natural resources have been decreasing over the years, the once "100% made in Germany", BMW, has moved factories in other countries.  As years progress, companies have to consider more options on where to locate, because depending on the resources, they may have to relocate. 
http://www.marcbowles.com/courses/adv_dip/module11/chapter4/amc11_ch4_four6.htm

International Entrepreneurs

International Entrepreneurs is a "combination of innovative, proactive, and risk-seeking behavior that crosses national borders and is intended to create wealth in organizations."  Not only living costs are much cheaper in other countries, but operating costs are much lower also.  In the entrepreneur article, a women explains that she her business in Mexico, she saves money on corporate taxes, printing costs, and legal services.  The biggest problem she faced by becoming an international entrepreneur, is getting a long term visa.
Many countries who are more developed tend to not let people from other countries open businesses easily.  Also if you have received a visa, renewing it could be a huge inconvenience.  China, India, and Brazil are the toughest to open up businesses in due to strict regulations. Also the EU is one of the most pricey places to open up shop. 
Safety places a huge part for a new business because you want a good police force if your company got broken into.  Many countries are different and therefore you cannot rely on a lot on the police to take care of business. 

http://www.entrepreneur.com/startingabusiness/businessplans/article207400.html

World Trade Organization (WTO)

The WTO is the "official title of the multi-lateral trading system and the organization underpinning this system since 1995."  It is also the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.  Their man purpose is to "open trade for benefit of all."  It was established in 1995 and grew into a strong system that promoted economic growth.  If there is an idea for improvement, decisions are taken by consensus among the members of the WTO.  The WTO has many responsibilities however, their main activites include:

:reducing obstacles to trade
:monitoring trade policies among group members
:economic research
:promoting the WTO and trying to get other countries to join

The development of the WTO was based mainly on negiotations.  The WTO not only protects trade, however, it protects consumers and the spread of disease. 

http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/whatis_e.htm

The Gold Standard Act

From 1870 to 1914, mosst currencies were in terms of gold.  Gold was used as the common denominator for all currencies, which meant that all currencies pegged at a fixed rate to gold.  There were a few different kinds of gold standards, such as Gold specie, Gold exchange, and the Gold bullion standards. 

GOLD SPECIE STANDARD- monetary unit associated with circulating gold coins.

GOLD EXCHANGE STANDARD- circulation of coins only made of silver.

GOLD BULLION STANDARD- gold coins do not circulate, however, gold bullion sold at a fixed price.

Since many of the banks had a huge inflow of gold, the central banks created gold reserves. 

 In 1934, the Gold Reserve Act made it illegal for people to have ownership of gold, unless it was in the form of jewelry.( President Roosevelt)  Circulation of gold coins were no longer available and the federal reserve and illuminati had full control of everything gold.

What we use today?

Today almost every country uses fiat money.  Fiat money is intrinsically useless only for a use of medium exchange.  The value of money today is set by the supply and demand from the economy.  (goods or services)

http://economics.about.com/cs/money/a/gold_standard.htm

non tariff barriers

Non Tariff Barriers are "barriers that restrict imports but usually not in the form as a tariff."  There are six types of NTB such as, Subsidies, import quotas, Vers, local content requirements, antidumping, and administrative policies.   The most popular type of NBT are the import quotas because foreign goods can still be imported if tariffs are paid.  In 2008, India was ranked 71st in (ETI) because of the trade barriers placed upon them. Even though India meets the needs of many exporters and importers, the flow of goods across borders was being handled by corrupt practices.  Antidumping and administrative policies are effective tariff barriers.  They are used for consumer protection, sanitation, and safety which today, seem to interfere with market access and developing countries, such as India.

http://www.business-standard.com/common/news_article.php?leftnm=3&autono=326530